The Pros and Cons of Teaching in Block Schedules

Education is full of ideas like year-round schooling, vouchers, and block scheduling, so its important for administrators and educators to look at the pros and cons of an idea before implementing it. Strategies for one popular idea, block schedules, can  help make the transition easier and more effective. In block scheduling—unlike a traditional school day that typically has six 50-minute classes—the school might schedule two traditional days a week, with six 50-minute classes, and three nontraditional days, with only four classes that meet for 80 minutes each. Another type of block schedule that many schools use is called the 4X4 schedule, where students take four classes instead of six each quarter. Each yearlong class only meets for one semester. Each semester class only meets for a quarter. There are pros and cons to block schedules compared to traditional school scheduling. Block Scheduling Pros In block scheduling, a teacher sees fewer students during the day, thereby giving him or her the ability to spend more time with each one. Because of the increased span of teaching time, longer cooperative learning activities can be completed in one class period. There is more time for labs in science classes. Students also have less information to deal with during each school day, but over the course of a semester or quarter, they can delve more deeply into the curriculum of four classes, instead of six. Because of the decreased number of classes, students also have less homework on any given day. The teacher is able to provide more varied instruction during class, and he may find it easier to deal with students with disabilities and different learning styles. Planning periods are longer, allowing educators to spend more time preparing for classes and doing the administrative work required for teaching, such as grading, contacting parents, and meeting with fellow teachers. Block Scheduling Cons In a block schedule, teachers typically only see students four times a week—such as Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday—which means that students lose continuity on the days they dont see a given teacher. If a student misses a day under the block schedule, he is actually missing the equivalent of nearly two days compared to the traditional 50-minute-class schedule. No matter how well planned, on many days, the teacher can end up with 10 to 15 minutes of extra time, where students often begin their homework. When all of this time is added up at the end of the semester, the teacher covers less information and curriculum. In the 4X4 schedule, the teacher has to cover all of the required information in one quarter. In an economics class at a typical high school, for example, if the quarter happens to be during football season and while homecoming is occurring, the teacher can lose valuable class time due to interruptions. In the 4X4 schedule, it is especially difficult to cover the necessary material for Advanced Placement courses in the time allotted. To compensate, many schools have to extend United States history so that it is a two-part course and lasts the entire year in order for the teacher to cover all of the required material. Strategies for Teaching Under the Block Schedule When used in the proper setting with the right students and a well-prepared teacher, block scheduling can be very useful. However, schools need to keep a close eye on such things as test scores and discipline problems to see if the schedule has any noticeable effect. In the end, it is important to remember that good teachers are just that; regardless of what schedule they teach under, they adapt. Though block schedule classes are longer than traditional class periods,  lecturing  for 80 minutes will likely cause any teacher to become hoarse over the course of a few days and possibly lose the attention of students, resulting in decreased learning.  Instead,  teachers should vary their instruction in a block schedule, using teaching techniques such as debates,  whole group discussions, role-plays, simulations, and other  cooperative learning activities. Other strategies for block schedule teaching include: Engaging Howard Gardners  multiple intelligences  and tapping into varying the learning modalities, such as kinesthetic,  visual, or  auditory. This can help a teacher keep up the interest and attention of students.Having two or three  mini-lessons  on hand to fill any extra time in case the lesson plan doesnt take the full block schedule period.Taking full advantage of the time allotted to institute projects that can be difficult to complete in shorter class periods.Doing a review of material from previous lessons. This is especially important in block schedule formats where students dont see the teacher every day. In a block schedule, a teacher need not feel he or she has to be the center of attention at all times during the class period. Giving students independent work and allowing them to work in groups are good strategies for these longer class periods. Block schedules can be very taxing on a teacher, and its important to use strategies to manage teacher burnout since educators are the glue that holds block schedules together.

Fault For The Recovery Efforts Of Hurricane Katrina

While there have been many papers and articles written on the organizations most at fault for the recovery efforts of hurricane Katrina, most of the blame is wrongfully pointed towards FEMA. In fact, most experts in the hurricane field knew a storm the size of Katrina would absolutely decimate the city of New Orleans. The levee system was the primary failure point as mention by The Times-Picayune (2002), â€Å"another scenario is that some part of the levee would fail†. These levees, combined with the geographical properties of the city itself, are faults, which clearly were out of FEMAs control. Yet FEMA is still the blame winner, and the reasoning, is actually not FEMAs fault either. Consequently, poor decision making, and confusion of who was in charge was the biggest shortfall during the recovery efforts of Katrina. Prior to the 9/11 attacks, FEMA was an independent agency, affording it direct access to the president (Haddow, Bullock, Coppola, 2011). FEMA was actual ly absorbed into the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) after the attacks, in a shift of focus to terrorism being the largest threat inside our borders. This had many ill-fated results for FEMA as an organization, the loss of valuable resources, and the creation of the National Response Plan effectively forced FEMA into a second fiddle during disasters. According to Haddow, Bullock, Coppola (2011), â€Å"where previously the director of FEMA had maintained a clear line of authority and accountability,Show MoreRelatedThe Issues With Organizational Communication978 Words   |  4 Pagesresponse and recovery efforts of a disaster. At times before, during and after a disaster there is a lack of inter-organizational networking and/or communication. Inter-organization networks are increasingly portrayed as a more effective form of organization among businesses (Newell and Swan, 2000). 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Through the instances of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, the Kuwait Oil Fires, the Hurricane Katrina devastation and the Sydney Tar Ponds, this paper will develop an argument supporting the idea that governments should be given the responsibility to handle environme ntal hazards that result from the prior use of resources as well as environmentalRead MoreCaddo Bossier Parishes Flood Case Study3081 Words   |  13 Pagesbring up the concern if the area would be ready for such a large crisis. During Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the state and country showed how unprepared they were for the aftermath of a natural disaster that left thousands dead. In an instance that this occurred again, it is vital we have educated the population and learned how to react. This case study is covering the mitigation, the preparedness, response and recovery in the case of another flood hitting the area. Caddo-Bossier Parishes FloodingRead MoreEssay on Hurricane Katrina: Two Disasters2020 Words   |  9 PagesHurricane Katrina: Two Disasters From the Frontline Film, The Old Man and The Storm, the life of Herbert Gettridge was followed after he returned to the 9th Ward of New Orleans to rebuild his home after it was destroyed in Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005. After Hurricane Katrina, 500,000 families were displaced, 200,000 homes were destroyed, and 600 congregations were demolished (The Old Man and The Storm). This was a natural disaster of monumental proportions. Ironically though, a mock scenarioRead MoreHurricane Katrina: Levee Failure2081 Words   |  9 PagesWhitson Professor Kathy Freeman Eng 1A M,W 9 April 2012 Blame for Katrina Damage: The Corps Alone? In august 2005, the State of Louisiana was hit with one of the most devastating natural disasters the United States has ever seen. New Orleans specifically was among the cities who felt the full force of Hurricane Katrina. While the storm itself was very powerful the damage wasn’t caused necessarily by the hurricane but by the failure in the levee system. According to Jennifer Trevedi,

African Spirituality Masks Cultural Experience Essay Example For Students

African Spirituality Masks Cultural Experience Essay Masks in African culture are important because they express a wide scope of spirituality. African culture portrays the struggle of mankind to find harmonies through traditional ceremonies masks are worn to connect people to the gods. Magic, which is one of the components that completes the society in the Parrinder model, is shown in Yoruba culture where the Gelede masks are said to protect man from witches by supernatural means which involves magic, sculptures, and dance. The Gelede mask that is on display in the James E. Lewis Museum of Art has animal and human features, which represent the spirits of the ancestors. They are mostly worn by men and are used to invite their ancestral spirits to participate in ceremonies like initiation, birth, naming, weddings, and funerals. The spiritual connection conveyed by the wearing of the masks during the ceremonies is vital because it fulfils the society’s order. Masks have particular significance in the cultural practices of the Yoruba tribe in Africa. There are masks of Yoruba culture on display in the James E. Lewis Museum of Art. The most common Yoruba exhibits are the Gelede masks, which are â€Å"colorful masks worn by men. They combine art and ritual dance to amuse, educate, and inspire worship† (History of Masks). They are sculpted to honor the power of women. During Gelede ceremonies, elderly women in the society and ancestors are especially honored. The Gelede people believe that â€Å"elder women possess powers that are superior to the powers of the deities† (James E. Lewis Museum of Art). Women have the power to bring and take life and the Yoruba people show their appreciation and respect by holding the Gelede ceremonies to honor the women. The cultural and religious practices are revealed in African culture through the sculpted masks. The Dogon Kanaga masks found in Mali, resemble a cross with short bars at the top and the bottom piece representing the creator god. Dogons worship one god called Amma to whom they pray with their arms outstretched. Dogon religion is parallel to the Judeo-Christian tradition, which also advocates the worship of one supreme God who is at the top of the Parrinder model. In this type of culture, the supreme God controls everything. In addition, Dogon Kanaga masks are used for religious and burial rituals. These masks are used during the Dama dance. The people are said to believe that the â€Å"Dama dance creates a bridge into the supernatural world and without the dance, the dead are not able to cross over in peace† (History of Masks). The religious practices observed by the African people help to connect them to the gods. African artists use their skill and creativity to incorporate various ideas and meanings into the artwork. This is seen in mask-making, which is often passed on from father to son along with the knowledge of the symbolic meanings conveyed by the masks. African artists use their abilities and imagination to incorporate different ideas and meanings into their artwork. The continuity of mask-making in African culture reveals that Africans are people who observe their culture and do their best to sustain it for generations therefore, the art in the museum counteracts the perception that Africans are primitive and uncultured. The beautiful art on display is an example of the skill and craftsmanship required to create artwork. The facial expressions and texture reveal the meaning of various pieces of art. Head sculptures tend to be elongated, which could symbolize that the head is the center of character, thoughts, and emotions. The museum shows that the Kuba people possess a mask, referred to as Ngady a Mwaash. The Ngady a Mwaash mask is worn to honor the Kuba King and to promote the cultural role of women in the society. .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a , .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a .postImageUrl , .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a , .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a:hover , .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a:visited , .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a:active { border:0!important; } .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a:active , .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u861ee6688f442a9b00cf8824801f509a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Life changing experience EssayThe materials used in making specific art pieces demonstrate the occasions for which the masks are used. Masks made of clay or wood are most likely used in ritual ceremonies. In conclusion, the cultural exhibits at the James E. lewis Museum of Art show Africa is a cultured society that observes and preserves its culture. African art combines all the components of the Parrinder model to highlight the harmony, traditions, and beliefs of the people. The harmony is obtained when particular mask dances are performed to welcome the spirits and gods. The appearances of the masks reveal their purposes. Some are used for religious purposes while others are used for entertainment. African art also reveals a great deal about cultural, traditional, and spiritual beliefs. African people mainly preserve their culture by passing the skills they have learned to the generations to come. Arts pieces are gathered and presented in museums in order to sustain their value. The ideas and meanings behind these works of art are cherished and passed on through oral and visual traditions to the next generations.

Computer Law and Security Review

Question: Discuss about the Computer Law and Security Review. Answer: Introduction Contract is an intended agreement or arrangement between the parties enforceable by law to bind the terms and conditions of a legal contract. Legal contract may either be in a written form or in oral form but the same should have two important components which are offer and acceptance. The contract or agreement should be offered by one party mentioning all the relevant details should be accepted by the other party. In order to discharge a contract the parties may use several modes like contract by electronic means, contract by traditional means in writing or in oral form (Jinzhao, Ju'e and Wenjun 2015). The assignment presents the contract created by electronic means by comparing its features from the contract created by other means. The explanation on the reliability of offers being displayed on the internet is to be examined by considering the electronic transactions act. The assignment also highlights the procedures to create the contract by offer and acceptance elements between t he consent parties to enforce the same as per the legislations. Additionally, analysis of withdrawal of mistaken offer in the contracts or agreement have been done and explained with reference to the relevant case laws. Moreover, electronic forms of contracts have certain limitations and problems with respect to the authenticity, reliability and other critical issues that have been highlighted in the present assignment (Abdullah et al. 2015). Discussion Creation of contract by the electronic means is regulated by the Electronic Transactions Act 1999 which ensures that an agreement as per commonwealth law is valid since the same has been conducted through electronic modes. In order to create a valid and legal law, it is important to provide the relevant information in writing along with the signature to authenticate the contract. It also requires the contract to be supported by evidences in material form for the purpose of recording and retention. According to the Electronic Transactions Act 1999, communication through electronic means producing the information for communication purpose through data, images or texts by the process of electromagnetic energy (Hu and Vincent 2016). The legislation has been formed to create the importance and validity of the electronic contract between the parties. It is important to create the validity of the contract by electronic communication therefore the creator is required to authorize and send th e contract through purported originator (Azari and Azari 2015). Formation of contract and its validity is formulated and regulated by the provisions of Common Law of Contracts. There are certain differences in the creation of contract through electronic mode and through traditional mode. In the present era internet is the strongest tool in the modern business that helps in connecting organizations and consumers for the purpose of trading and conducting business functions (Oliver and Fleming 2015). The electronic mode of contract includes the contract by way of fax, telephone, e-mails and website that transfers the information and communication between the parties. Contract through electronic means provide several benefits to the parties with respect to the time saving, low cost of dispatching the documents, connecting the parties from different locations at the right time and such other benefits. On the contrary, contracts created by traditional means or by the mode of paper demands ample of time for its formation and the parties have to be in same location for the confirmation of the documents (Boss 2015). Although internet is the most powerful and fastest tool to transfer the communication and information in a contract, it is essential to provide genuine information to the parties. It is difficult to ascertain the authenticity of the offers made by the contractual party over the internet. Therefore, it is important to place the offer in a contract through internet to be readily accessible through electronic modes supported by the relevant sources and references. In case the offers are not readily accessible or if the contracts are not supported by material evidences then it can be said that the offers and displays on the internet may not be actual offers. In case of contracts in paper mode it is important to be in writing with a specimen signature of the parties to validate the offer and acceptance of the agreement (Bayern 2015). However, in case of electronic contracts physical or manual signature is not possible therefore to validate the offer through internet the information must f low through a storage device. In case of contracts on internet actual offers provide the method of accepting it on the partys approval because unauthenticated or non- actual offers do not have such methods of approval. Further, actual offers also depend on the reputation and loyalty of the contractor party that is placing the offer on the internet (Jinzhao, Ju'e and Wenjun 2015). For instance, offers placed by the companies or organizations like Woolworths, Commonwealth Bank, Wesfarmers and other reputed companies are always actual offers. However, many a times some offers flashes on the internet are not genuine and actual which is difficult to verify by the receivers or contractual party. Such offers can be detected by confirming the approval mode available on the offered contract, readability and its accessibility (Harold et al. 2016). Online contracts or contracts through internet are formed by several methods like electronic mail, website, and click-wrap. In a contract offer is the communication indicating a promise to act the specific service for the concerned party of the contract to whom it is offered to. Such offer is required to be accepted by the concerned party in return of consideration and by placing the approval through the method specified in the contract. In case of contracts through email, offer is send via electronic mail to the recipients including the material documents as evidence and for the authenticity. Such offer is accepted by the party by accessing the approval method provided along with the contract document either by specifying the digital signature or by other electronic method specified by the contractor (Chen-Wishart 2015). Besides, in case of website or webmail offers are placed through common website page that is accessible to all the users. Such offers should be accepted by the part ies by fulfilling all the requirements as provided in the contracts along with the specified mode to transfer the required documents for the valid and legal enforcement of contract between the parties as decided in the case of CSX Transportation Inc. v. Recovery Express Inc. Unlike emails, contract through website is not meant for particular consumers or receivers while it is meant for the accessibility of all the users of the website (Scharkow 2016). Another mode of contract through electronic communication is click- wrap which is similar to that of website communication. This method is used by the potential sellers to place offers that strengthen the customer base as well as to sustain their business organizations. The offers must be accepted by the consumers through the mode specified in the offer as well as within the requisite time. Such procedures ensure the authenticity and validity of the offers through electronic mode (Perrine 2016). According to the section 15D of the Electronic Transactions Act 1999, a statement or document including offer and acceptance may include some errors or mistakes while drafting or dispatching the contract. In case the contract contains any error or mistake in the offer unknowingly or unintentionally, then such mistake should be communicated for rectification by the contractor as soon as the party comes to know about the mistake. In communication with the contracting party, the offer can be withdrawn if the mistake is not being able to be rectified. However, such withdrawal should be as per the mutual decision between the contracting parties (Bagheri and Hassan 2015). Based on the decided case of ProCD, Inc. v. Zeidenberg, the court provided the judgment on withdrawing the offer because the mistake committed by the offering party could not be rectified to validate the contract. In case of contract through electronic means mistakes or errors may be communicated to the parties by using the system of automated messages right at the time of its awareness. The contracting party who offered the agreement or the person who acted on behalf of the contracting party is required to notify and communicate the error to the concerned party before its withdrawal. In case the mistake is minute and can be resolved for further processing of the contract then the same shall be communicated with the other party of the contract before taking any step for its rectification. However, the right of withdrawal of the mistaken part of the contract or to terminate the entire contract lies with the mutual decision by the parties and in accordance of the provisions of other contract law (Guo et al. 2015). In case of any disputes between the parties of the contract, there is provisional assistance available to resolve the disputes. If the dispute occurs from the part of the contractor party then the either the dispute can be communicated among the parties themselves to resolve or the other party has the right to file a complaint against the disputed party (Kourandi, Krmer and Valletti 2015). The matter can either be resolved through arbitrage process where the parties agree to accept the decision of the arbitrator selected as per the mutual agreement of the parties to the contract. In case the matter cannot be resolved through arbitrage process then the same can be constituted in the tribunal courts where the judgment of the commissioner is applicable to both the parties (Carvalho 2015). Considering the several aspects of the contract through electronic mode, there are several limitations and challenges that questions the validity of the contract under the legislations. Electronic mode of contract or communication or even a business takes place virtually unlike the physical or traditional mode therefore it is critical to evaluate the legality of the virtual form of contract between the parties. One of the major risks in electronic contract is the authenticity and reliability of the parties to the contract. Since most of the contracts require digital signature to validate the same, it is difficult to rely on the identity of the person using the digital signature. Another limitation of the electronic contract is the lack of knowledge of applicable provisions of several laws and through electronic mode it becomes difficult to explain each of the clauses. Other limitations includes lack of proper internet connectivity in several regions, uncertainty and lack of knowledge in operation of electronic means hamper the communication and legal enforcement of the contract (Wolak 2015). Conclusion Many territories across the globe are moving towards the mode of electronic communication for the purpose of international trade and Australia is one of the fastest regions to adopt the electronic method. Unlike traditional mode of creation of contract electronic mode is faster and considers covering as many consumers from different locations. However, the contract through electronic mode requires to be created in the form that is readily accessible and supported by the documents for its authenticity and validity. According to the common law and the act that governs the provisions of contract through electronic mode specifies the time and mode of dispatch of the contract as well as the required documents. Moreover, in case of any errors or mistakes in the form of contract appears then the same shall be communicated between the parties through system messages or through other electronic means. Withdrawal of contracts for any mistakes in the offer is considered according to the other p rovisions of the common law as well as according to the mutual decision of the concerned parties. Further, the contract through electronic means have several issues with respect to the reliability and authenticity because the parties, documents and signature are not physically accessible. On the contrary, in the era of modern business activities most of the trading is carried by using electronic mode by creating legal offers. Apart from that, the Electronic Transactions Act 1999 also regulates the authenticity of the electronic contract and other required documents that are legally enforceable between the parties for offer and acceptance. Reference List Abdullah, N.R., Tang, C.S., Manolescu, A. and Gudmundsson, V., 2015. Competition of static magnetic and dynamic photon forces in electronic transport through a quantum dot.arXiv preprint arXiv:1512.00392. Azari, S. and Azari, M., 2015. 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